ASSIGNMENT NO. 2
GENERAL METHOD OF TEACHING: (8601)
SUBMITTED BY: MADIHA AFZAL
PROGRAMME: B.ED (1.5)
SEMESTER: 1st
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
Question
No.1
What
is a scientific method? Specify the role of teacher in this method.
Answer:
Scientific
method:
Every
problem could be solved through a specific procedure. Scientists have also
adopted some specific procedures and thereby contributed to scientific
inventions. The procedure adopted by the scientists to find out the facts and
scientific truths is called 'Scientific Method'. It is evident that if the
scientific method is followed by the teachers and students in the classroom,
the teaching-learning process would be effective.
Better understanding of the scientific method is a common
component for increased awareness towards the knowledge acquisition. However,
McPherson (2001) believes that lack of understanding of the scientific method
is more out of control than is commonly believed, at least in part because many
scientists and science educators do not understand all the components of the
scientific method up to the level of application. Different scientists and
researchers enlist different number of steps involved in the process of
scientific method. The steps are explained in this unit with the purpose that
students will be able to apply the method to solve science and social science
problems with exercising command over the procedure.
Definition of
Scientific Method:
Many researchers has defined
scientific method with slight difference but the main theme is the rigorous
approach adopted to resolve the science and social science problems.
According to Keyes (2010) definitions of the scientific
method can be found in textbooks in both the social and natural sciences and,
while some variations exist, all have certain common features. Students
collected a number of definitions of scientific method from textbooks in the
natural (“hard”) sciences and then were asked to compare these to the one
provided in their sociology textbook.
Some definitions list the steps or process involved while
others provide a general overview of the method.
Consider the following definitions in the light of
different disciplines.
In their geology book, Wicander & Monroe as cited in
Keyes (2010) defined scientific method – a logical, orderly approach that
involves gathering data, formulating and testing hypotheses, and proposing
theories. McMurry & Fay, (2008) in their chemistry book defined it as “Scientific
method – Scientific questions must be asked, and experiments must be carried
out to find their answers”. In the context of biology “The classic vision of
the scientific method is that observations lead to hypotheses that in turn make
experimentally testable predictions” (Raven, Losos, Mason, Singer, &
Johnson, 2008). In the psychological
point of view “The scientific method refers to a set of assumptions, attitudes,
and procedures that guide researchers in creating questions to investigate, in
generating evidence, and drawing conclusions” (Hockenbury & Hockenbury,
2000). Whereas in the context of sociology
“The scientific
method is an approach to data collection that relies on two assumptions:
(1) Knowledge about the world is acquired through
observation, and
(2) the truth of the knowledge is confirmed by
verification--that is, by others making the same observations” (Ferrante,
2008).
From the above definitions of the scientific method we
can conclude that: The procedure adopted by the scientists to find out the
facts and scientific truths is called Scientific.
Compulsory
Steps for Scientific method:
Method. The
following are the compulsory steps involved in the scientific method.
The elaboration of
these steps as:
1. Realizing the problem
2. Defining the problem
3. Analyzing the
problem
4. Collecting data
/ information
5. Analyzing the information
6. Framing hypothesis
7. Verifying the hypothesis 8. Finding the solution
9. Applying the solutions in the life situations.
Role of the
Teacher:
The scientific method can be used by the
learner to understand the objects, activities and acquire the skills decision
making and problem solving. The solutions or results derived through this
method can be applied to the living environment. In order to apply the
solutions in life solutions the teacher should: • Arrange a necessary
environment to understand the problem.
• Guide the learner to collect the data or information.
• Help in classification and arrangement of data or
information in a desired order. • Formulate the hypothesis and test the same.
• Help to prepare a report on tested hypothesis.
• Give a life situation and enable the student to utilize
the solution to find the result.
Characteristics
of Good Teacher:
• He / she should
be open minded
• Interested in seeking accurate knowledge and searching
for the truth
• Objective in
nature (analyze all the happenings without any prejudice or bias)
• Not
superstitious (free from superstition).
• Solve the
problems based on upon the evidence and following scientific method
• Opinion and
conclusions would be based on the adequate evidences only.
• Identify the measures to develop scientific attitude
among the students.
Merits of
Scientific Method:
1.
Learners
always try to solve their problem themselves
2.
Learning process is independent
3.
Highly motivated learning by experience is
also felt.
4.
Learning by doing enhances the motivation and self-confidence
in learning.
5.
Learner solves the problems scientifically and
arrive new valid solutions too.
6.
Learner receives good skills and training from
the scientific method
7.
Learners can
develop their skills in data collection and analysis.
Limitations of Scientific Method:
a)
Time consuming
b)
Learners need
to work hard for a longer duration
c)
There will be no facilities available for some
problems
If teacher is not competent in this method entire
teaching-learning process will be collapsed.
Question
No.2
What is a guided discussion method. Explain
the structure of guard discussion method.
Answer:
Guided
Discussion Method:
Guided discussion method helps the instructor
to query the student on a certain topic to assess the knowledge and learning of
student that what the student knows, and what he does not know. In this method,
teacher “draws out” information and encourages students’ questions.
There are
different types of questions in guided discussion method:
1. Overhead/How/Why: This category of questions is
directed to the whole group.
2. Rhetorical:
Rhetorical questions prompt group thought and thinking.
3. Direct: direct questions are asked of a
particular student.
4. Reverse:
In response to a question, another question is asked.
5. Relay: Relay the question to the group if asked
by a student.
An effective question is that which is suitable for the
subject, contains an objective, organizes main and subordinate points
logically, and guides students in their preparation. Guided discussion is
effective when it is planned and followed by a logical sequence.
Structure of
guided discussion:
Objectives:
Before starting guided discussion, the
instructor should have clear objectives.
Introduction:
The
instructor should introduce the discussion simply by posing a question or
telling of a story to help get the discussion off the ground.
Discussion:
The instructor should try to keep students focused on topic. It demands attention from the instructor and
continual evaluation of students’ knowledge. • Summary: Before moving to the
next section, the instructor should summarize previous section.
Conclusion:
Review and recap is indispensable in guided
discussion to have an idea what was covered in the discussion. This will help the student grasp the “larger
picture.” The instructor should clarify any questions (Kinne, 2000).
It indicates that the guided discussion method has a clear
meaning and is designed for specific purpose to stimulate thought of students
by relating new information with previous knowledge.
Reflective
Discussion Method:
Weeks
(2011) highlighted that in reflective discussion method, the teacher generates
a structuring device or key question. The students are provided with a series
of points by the teacher which they have to bring up during the discussion.
Students are then encouraged to prepare potential questions around those
points. The teacher uses questioning technique to encourage students to deeply
investigate the topic. It may be a topic which allows students to defend their
own values; however, they should be observed so that the values of other
students will not be threatened. In addition, the teacher should refrain from
allowing his/her values to dominate the discussion. The teacher also shares the
control and direction of the lesson with the students. This fosters student to
student interaction. For the conclusion, the teacher re-asks the main question
and lets students respond by summarizing their opinion as an answer to the
question. The students then defend their opinion with reasons and information
obtained from the discussion, as well as with their prior knowledge of the
subject. A teacher summary and reiteration of the lesson's significance
concludes the discussion.
Examples:
1. Teacher
presents the structuring question, for example the teacher may ask; “What
measures should we adopt to overcome poverty in Pakistan”.
2. The teacher allows the students to answer the question
together. The students are allowed to question one another, ask for
clarification and justification as necessary, in order to challenge each other
to be precise and accurate with suggestions they introduce.
3. The teacher's role becomes one of facilitator. He/she
asks clarification and justification questions, encourages all to participate,
and points out their contradictions in logic as the students interact.
4. In conclusion, the teacher gets students to respond to
the main question, and the discussion concludes with a statement of what was
learned and why the discussion is useful and important to them (Kinne,
2000).
Guard (2000) has
also suggested following types of discussion:
Line-Ups :
In
this technique, students are lined up to some standard, such as height, weight,
birthdays or alphabetical order. The teacher poses a question. At this point,
the line is folded in a way that the member at the ends move together to form
two lines facing each other. Students then discuss with the person in front of
them. Teacher can then have volunteers share with the entire class or students
can be randomly called. This technique fosters great discussions by allowing
students to move out of their seats and to talk with a diversity of
students.
Value Lines:
This technique requires the longest to carry out. It is used when
teacher wants pupils to acquire a stance on a problem. When teacher posits a
questions or an issue, then students stand on one side or the other of an
imaginary line. One side of the line is for those who agree with the statement,
and the other side is for those who disagree with it. Then students on the
either side of the line turn to each other and discuss why they agreed or
disagreed with the statement. Then each pair turns to another pair across the
line and discusses their agreement and disagreement. Students can be randomly
called to share what they heard from individuals with different opinions from
theirs. This technique also allows students to move out of their seats and
expose a variety of different opinions. In this technique, monitoring of
students is a challenging task for teacher.
Jigsaw:
In this technique, material or
work is divided among each member of the group. Every individual has a portion
of the required task and no one has everything that is needed to complete the
task. Teacher usually uses this method to divide an assignment so that each
group member takes a part. Students share their information within the group
members. Group members need each other to obtain the full experience.
Sharing
Limited Resources:
Sharing limited resources is another way to
create positive interdependence. Giving one
paper/book/quiz/poster/markers/assignment/ to a group helps draw group members
together to complete an assignment. Limiting resources is important not only in
light of budget constraints but is also the best way to increase the chances
that cooperation will occur within the group.
Question and
Answer Pairs :
Teacher
seats the class in circle and divides students into question and answer pairs.
These pairs ask and answer questions on assigned reading or as a great review
activity before a test. These pairs are assigned numbers 1 and 2. The
"1’s" are told that they will not be moving. The "2’s" are
told that they will be moving throughout the activity. Teacher then asks
questions and students in 1s and 2s pair up, and sort out the best answer for
the question. Teacher needs to check the amount of time before the
"2’s" are told to move to their left, and meet the next 1. They then
answer the next question on the review sheet. This continues as the 2’s circle
around the room until they are back at their own original seat. Students should
be encouraged to place a check/asterisk by any questions that they are sure of.
Those that they do not feel confident on, they can revisit on their own
studies. The students receive the benefit of being able to talk to each other
one on one.
Advanced
Preparation Pairs:
Students are to write a short analysis paper
summarizing the vents/relevancy/opinion of an assigned reading for class.
Students bring copies of the paper to the class. The members of their base
group or discussion pair will listen to the team member read the paper, then
edit, and evaluate the paper. Criteria for review can be predetermined by
instructor, class, or peer group. Each group can select the
"outstanding" paper as they deem it, then in large group it can be
discussed as to why it stood out from the others.
Above discussed different types of classroom discussion
not only provide an opportunity for the teacher to improve teaching learning
process, but also motivate students to develop critical thinking skills and
develop interest in learning.
Question
No.3
What
are teaching skills? Describe the componetns of presentation skills.
Answer:
Teaching
skills:
Teaching is an indispensable part of education. Its unique function is
to deliver knowledge, expand understanding and talents. It is generally linked
with imparting of 3 R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic). The teacher plays a
fundamental role in imparting knowledge to the learners. Hence, teaching does
not primarily mean telling. It is rather helping students to learn. This means
the focus is on the learners instead on teachers. A teacher needs to get into
the shoes of the students to know what they need and where they are in
understanding a particular subject matter. This demands certain teaching skills
from teacher to have an insight regarding the level of students’ understanding.
The teaching skills are defined as a group of teaching operations or behaviors
or acts, which are aimed to assist students’ learning directly or indirectly.
To know how to teach is the great art of teaching (Brookfield, 1995). Here are
some teaching skills which are necessary for effective teaching. These include
set induction, presentation of content in a meaningful way, identification of
students’ learning difficulties, preparation of lessons according to individual
needs, and students’ evaluation. You will read the detail of each skill and
grasp the importance of these on the following pages.
The Components
of Presentation Skills:
According to Kyriacou (1998) teacher’s manner
is considered the key element in lesson presentation. Here are some components
of lesson presentation skills which a teacher is supposed to posses. These
are:
1.
Voice:
Teacher should speak in a clear, firm voice and vary his volume and
pitch when he wants to emphasize something. Make sure that all students can
hear teacher’s voice easily but be sure not to shout or talk so loud that
his/her sound irritates students
Tone: Many teachers confuse voice and tone. Tone is the
‘feeling’ that emanates from voice and mannerisms. A tone that is confident and
warm, and not dry or egocentric works well in projecting a comfortable feeling
to the students.
2.
Vocabulary:
While presenting a
lecture, teacher should stay away from unfamiliar terms and jargon as much as
possible. If there is a need to introduce technical terms and jargon, teacher
should take the time to define them for students to understand. Acronyms fall into
this category. If teacher has to use them, then students should be told what
the acronyms stand for.
3.
Humor:
A teacher with a good sense of humor can
actually help to create a more relaxed learning atmosphere for the students.
Humor in teaching has been known to liven up boring material and helps to
diminish the traditional idea that the teacher is dominant and the students are
subordinate. Too much humor can be detrimental. Teacher wants the students to
know that he takes his work seriously so they will too.
4.
Body
Language:
It is a known fact that students
respond better to a teacher who is moderately active and moves around the room
to connect with students. The teacher who stands at the board or sits at his
chair all the day does nothing to present an image of comfort in the classroom.
On the other hand, getting too close to a student’s personal space is not good
either. Teacher might want to try teaching from the back of the room when
students are doing exercises so that teacher can readily see if anyone if
having problems without making them draws attention to themselves. Questions
such as "how is it going" as teacher approaches a workstation
prevents him from startling the student.
Some
steps of presentation:
Here are some tips by Flagler and Hamlin (2009) for
teachers to make presentation more effective and attractive for students:
i.
Teacher should
know the material. He should have the content well in hand. Most
problems can be alleviated by being very well prepared.
ii.
Teacher should
show interest in the topic to be taught. He must try to find something
unique of special interest about the topic and most importantly, shows your
enthusiasm and interest. An enthusiastic teacher will get an enthusiastic
audience.
iii.
Teacher should also know the audience. Whom
will he be presenting to? How involved with the topic is his audience? What
level of sophistication does his audience have with the topic? Does he expect
them to be asking questions? How teacher’s presentation of the material will
foster questioning, comments or arguments etc.
iv.
Teacher should
prepare an outline of his talk in advance. The fewer
notes teacher uses the more natural his talk will be. Good teachers always get
a clear idea of the main points and supporting information, anecdotes, etc.
Keep it simple and to the point and utilize all the appropriate parts of a
speech including introduction, body and conclusion.
v.
There should
be appropriate utilization of visual aids. They are a
good way to draw and maintain interest from the students as well as highlight
main points. Teacher must be sure they are appropriate and support his
presentation. Check them out to be sure they work. When teacher does not use
them, set them aside or cover them up.
vi.
Good teachers always practice their
presentation. Teacher should talk to himself OUT LOUD going through all the
motions and gestures he expects to use during his presentation. He should try
to make the practice as real as possible. It is easy to start practicing with
notes, teacher will quickly find that he will no longer need them and his
presentation will be more natural.
vii.
Look sharp and
expect butterflies. Teacher shouldn’t be fooled! Everyone is
nervous to some degree; some people hide it better than others. Preparation is
an important event. Teacher should dress, eat, and sleep appropriately.
viii.
Teacher should
try to smile, speak and gesture as naturally as possible. It is
important to remember that the more one practice’s the more at ease one will
become.
ix.
Don't apologize. Teacher should not
downgrade his self by making excuses either at the beginning or the end of his
presentation. Rather, he should stand up. Give his talk with enthusiasm. Don't
drag it out. Then, sit down and let others decide how well he did-unbiased by
any apologies from him.
x.
Giving a good
presentation requires skill. Above all, teacher must be well
prepared and practiced. Be observant of others. Watch what they do well and how
teacher thinks they can improve.
Question
No:4
Describe the purpose of teaching tools and how
many types of teaching tools are used in the classrooms?
Answer:
What are
teacher tools?
A
teacher tool is any tool that enhances or expedites the teaching process and
helps teachers to teach better. For instance, it can be a tool that allows the
teachers to conduct classes in a more organized and efficient way and
communicate with parents quickly and efficiently to improve classroom
productivity. Teacher tools have been gaining in popularity of late due to the
digital revolution. As more schools begin to embrace the latest digital
infrastructure, teacher tools rose to popularity. Interactive classroom
technology tools such as smart boards were one of the first teacher tools. They
have evolved over time to include the various functionalities that help the
teachers and parents interact with each other from anywhere today.
These tools
ensure that the needs of every student are met without overwhelming teachers.
It paves the way for an ecosystem that is conducive to learning and growth. For
instance, take the example of an exchange student. A teacher will naturally
have difficulties communicating with the parents of those students as both
speak a different language. Inherently, this could reflect on the children’s
academics. But if a teacher tool can seamlessly translate the exchanges between
parents and teachers, these challenges can be easily overcome.
Learning is more powerful and dynamic with tools that are
already right in front of you – and it’s up to educators to impress this on
students in the classroom. When you bring real things and authentic daily- life
situations into the classroom, listening becomes discovering, interest becomes
wonder, and passive learning becomes active exploration. Lessons come to life
with touch, motion, and sound. Teacher resources, insights from fellow
educators, and personalized support help you teach every subject, from reading
to coding, in ways that kids really get. All of which makes those magical, a-ha
moments happen much more often. For everyone. The most powerful tools for
learning are the ones students love to use.
Teaching Tools include:
1-Teaching
Aids.
They include:
(Cards,
Charts, grids, Pictures, Drawing, photos, magazines, worksheets, mindmapping.
Technology, Video, digital material, data show, CDs, Electronic prohrama,
Dictionary, Websites,The comuter, the internet, E-Book, Intelligent board,
Blackboard, Realia, actual fields, Real situations, Online Dictionaries,
Graffic Organizers, virtual tours of their latest exhibits,The real daily
environmental things......)
2-Teaching resources / Material :
They include:
A-The actual daily- life sites and environmental realia.
B-Concrete teaching Material.e,g.(Book,
classroom supplies for teachers, Realia, CD, Vedio tape, tablet, iPad, Mac, and
Apple TV ..)
C-Theoritical teaching material. e.g.(Workshops, Training units)
3-Online Teacher's Tools / Resources:
1.
Google DOC's.
2.
Wordpress.
3.
Google forms.
4.
Logomaker.
5.
Internet
readings.
6.
Kahoot.
7.
The Web
Resources.
8.
Voice of
America Learning English.
4-Electronic teaching and learning
programs:
Word
program, Excel program, Power-point program, Access program, MS picture
management program, Movie-maker program, Free-mind program, Lingoes program,
Celestia program, Yanka program, Anki program, Jing program, Hot potatoes
program, MS Mathematics program, the Sage program, Chemistry crocodile program,
Physics Crocodile program and a lot of other electronic programs. Electronic
teaching enables the teacher to do an electronic lesson plan and give an
electronic lesson presentation.)
5-Teaching methods.
They include:
(Active learning method, Projects, Inquiry-based teaching
method, discovery method, Acting the scenes, Pointing, Role-playing,
Elicitation, CLT Method, Internet-based teaching method, Brainstorming method,
Electronic programs teaching, Classroom Network, observation, imitation,
repetition, Music, Songs, Games, Storytelling, Puzzles, Riddles, Story theatre,
Solving problems, Playing roles, Changing roles,pair woek, Dialoguing, Group
work, Co-Curriculum activities, Involvement, Engagement, Debating,
Interviewing, Practical learning, analysis, Practice and research, Synthesis,
Evaluation, Imagination.......).
Types of Teaching Aids:
Following are the
different types of teaching aids:
1. Visual Aids:
Teaching aids which
include learning through visual representation is called visual aids. Visual
aids are the kind of material that we can see with our eyes. It is the most
important teaching aid that teachers always use in their teaching-learning
process everyday like book, blackboard, chalk, duster, indicator, picture, map,
graphs, charts, posters, bulletin boards, museums, projectors and also
important visual aids.
·
Ground substance: The ground substance is the substance that the student can see and
touch. The student inspects and examines by touching and observing matter,
which develops the students’ senses, as well as the development of his
thinking, understanding and observing power.
·
Model: When the actual substance cannot be brought into the classroom or its
size is so large or it is not available then teachers prepare its sample or
model which is shown in the classroom so that the student can easily be
explained.
·
Image: Pictures affect students very much. Students are lost in reality by
seeing pictures, so teachers also present any story or science or any other
subject related picture to the students so that they can be shown and
explained. The things taught through the picture can be remembered by the
students for a long time, as well as the pictures can be easily shown in the
classroom.
·
Map: We use the map only when we have to teach the students about historical events
and geographical elements or places. While using the map, teachers should take
care of some points such as names, titles, directions and signs etc. should be
written on it.
·
Sketch: We need a drawing only when we do not have any real substance or model
or map. In such conditions, we show students by drawing a drawing or sketch on
a blackboard or on a whiteboard, like making a map of India, showing any state
etc.
·
Graph: A teacher uses graphs only when he has to show any increasing or
decreasing pattern. A graph is used in many subjects such as geography,
history, mathematics, science, or also to explain climate. And graphs are used
to give information about population etc. as well. Also, the graph is most
commonly used in teaching mathematics and science.
·
Chart: The chart is used in Hindi, English, Geography, History, Economics,
Civics, Mathematics and Science. For example, to show various forms of nouns in
grammar in English or Hindi.
·
Bulletin board: A bulletin board is a board where students display pictures, villages,
figures, articles or essential information in relation to the country’s
political, economic and social problems. Bulletin boards continuously increase
the knowledge of the students.
·
Museum: The museum is also an important tool of education to increase the
knowledge of the students in which all the objects are kept in one place,
making the text more interesting and alive with these objects. The museum
collects items that are very helpful in subjects like geography, history,
mathematics, science.
·
Projector: Projectors play the most important role among the most used tools in the
modern education system. Teaching-learning is made more simple and interesting
through projectors. Through the projector, the students get a different kind of
enjoyment and memory, development of observational power, curiosity etc.
·
Slides and Films: Slides and film are used as teaching aids and a projector is used for
this. Slides of pictures or film strips can be shown by the projector in a
sequence to give students knowledge.
·
Globe: With the help of the globe, children are shown the boundaries of
continent, ocean, river, mountain. In the topic of geography, the globe is used
for the most part, to tell students about the shape of the earth, northern and
southern hemisphere, latitude and longitude lines.
2. Audio Aids:
This teaching aid
targets to enhance the listening and communication
skills of the students. There are some students in every classroom who are
auditory learners, such students can get benefit with audio aids. Audio aids
are included in audio content such as gramophone, radio, telephone,
teleconferencing, and tape recorders in which students develop their mental
powers and hearing powers by listening to contents.
·
Radio: Through radio, children are informed about the latest happenings and
information. Teaching programs related to different subjects of different
classes are narrated on the radio which develops the ability of the students’
learning, listening, understanding and remembering as well.
·
Tape Recorder: Tape-recorder is a popular tool in the education world. With the help of
a tape recorder, students can enjoy and learn through speeches of great leaders
and poems of famous writers, their stories and the music of famous artists. It
helps to correct all errors and thoughts related to students’ speed of speech.
·
Teleconferencing: With the help of teleconferencing, students can be informed.
Teleconferencing is a medium through which many schools can be linked together.
Different teachers and different children can gain important information by
talking through teleconferencing.
3. Audio-Visual Aids:
Technology has developed
and enhanced the experience of students with the addition of Audio-Visual
educational aids.
·
Films: There are many advantages of movies or cinema in the field of education.
The knowledge gained by it is more useful than other mediums because students
can learn well by watching and listening. By showing movies, documentaries, and
films, children can be easily given knowledge of different countries, places
and events.
·
Television: All the benefits from cinema or film can also be derived from
television, but its scope is much wider than cinema. In today’s modern era,
television broadcasts many types of educational programs in addition to
entertainment programs to increase the knowledge of children It is also
used by universities like IGNOU and UGC to broadcast various types of
educational programs with the help of satellites so that the students can
learn.
·
Computer: The use of computers is one of the most used tools in the modern
education system. With the help of this electronic device, the education world
has got a golden opportunity of learning. The use of computers can be seen not
only in the education world but also in different areas of their life.
With the help of
different types of teaching aids, the teacher makes teaching and learning
interesting and attractive. It helps students in their mental development. With
its help, the teacher saves time in explaining any topic. So, teaching aids are
important tools in the education system.
Question
No.5
Write
down the advantages and disadvantages of using multimedia.
Answer:
Advantages of Multimedia:
1. Increases
learning effectiveness.
Multimedia uses
images, audio, animations and other media which stimulates the brain and
increses learning. Both attention and retention of student increases. Students
can identify and solve various problems effectively using multimedia.
2. More appealing
over traditional.
Multimedia content is more
appealing, more attractive and able to engage more people (Audience or Reader).
People prefer multimedia compared to traditional media as it contains rich
information.
3. Improves
personal Communication.
Multimedia improves interpersonal communication.
Multimedia increases communication efficiency, effectiveness and potention to
communicate message or information.
4. Reduces
training costs.
Multimedia reduces the time it takes to learn and thereby
it reduces cost. Multimedia can reduce the cost of training department in
various ways.
5. Easy to use.
Multimedia is making easier the things let
they can easy understand. Content is easy to draft using different types of
multimedia.
6. Provides high Quality of
Presentations.
Multimedia contains interactive videos, audio
and other visual content which increases the quality of presentation. Students
expect multimedia presentation while learning.
7. User Friendly.
Multimedia improves user interface and it is easy to use.
Information in text, image or audio form can be possible to promote
information.
8. Give information Cost
Multimedia gives an opportunity to influence
the presentation by adding information.
9. Give information to individual
Multimedia
uses combination of different content and gives rich information to users. It
uses infographic or audio and video to give detail information to individual.
10. Multi Sensorial.
Multimedia is a multiple sensorial
media, it makes to inclusion of layered sensory stimulation possible and
interaction through various kinds of sensory channels.
11. Integrated and Interative.
Multimedia is easy to integrate and makes it interactive.
12. Entertaining and Educational.
Multimedia is not only used just
for advertisement but also useful for education is schools as well as for
entertainment.
13. Creativity.
Multimedia
creativity is very easy and effective if all kinds of media are integrated with
each other.
14. Cost Effective :
Multimedia is cost effective in
online teaching, it reduces cost of training and other extra expenses.
15. Wide variety of Support.
Through multimedia channels wide variety of
support is available.
16. Trendy.
Modern design and multiple media helps to create trendy
multimedia presentations.
Disadvantages of Multimedia:
In comparison to the enormous
advantages, multimedia has some disadvantages too. Some of them are:
§
It is expensive to produce multimedia
systems.
§
It is expensive to produce multimedia
contents.
§
It needs well trained manpower to
create and use it.
§
Multimedia files are too large so, it
is time consuming to transfer across the internet and intranet.
§
New networking protocols are needed to
handle bandwidth requirements of video and sound.
§
Copying and altering digital images may
unknowingly lead to copyright infringement.
§
Productivity may go down with people
spending time compiling media presentations rather than presenting data
1. Technology dependent:
The major
drawback of multimedia is that it depends on technology. After all, you
need hardware, software, and the Internet
to share information.
Even though the technology is progressing and accepted globally, there are
still places on earth where access to technology is limited. They do not have
the infrastructure to support multimedia for presenting information and conveying
messages. Since multimedia cannot be used everywhere, the traditional way of
displaying information through in-person meetings is the only available option.
2. Excess information:
As the saying goes, too much of something is
dangerous. In the same way, excess information can hamper our attention.
Various types of content can be integrated into the same slide using
multimedia. There can be audio, video, animations, and texts simultaneously
requesting your attention. Getting exposed to too much information at once may
lead to confusion. Ergo, the attention-grabbing nature of multimedia may
distract you from the original message of the presentation.
3. Skills required:
Creating
presentations using multimedia is a form of art. The graphics and images should
be presented in a way that the audience can remember them for a while. Several
factors are involved in this process. Creators must consider the knowledge of
the audience related to the topic. Then, they must ensure the right amount of
facts and examples are included in the presentation. This will also include
selecting relevant images, videos, and animation that won’t perplex the
audience and keep them hooked on the information presented. All these take a
lot of effort and require skills. In simple terms, integrating multimedia can
be a tedious task.
4. Misuse:
Multimedia can be compared
to a double-edged sword, where the intention of the user can have both
favorable and unfavorable consequences. On the brighter side, it is used by the
education sector to enhance the learning experience of the students. But, on
the flip side, the same multimedia such as podcasts, slideshows, and animated
videos can be used to influence the thoughts of millions of people worldwide.
With multimedia, the same tidbit can be presented in vastly different ways,
blurring the line between reality and illusion. Therefore, wrongdoers can abuse
its potential to fulfill their malicious intentions.
5. Time-consuming:
No doubt,
once multimedia is used to create presentations, it can save a lot of time in
education. But the whole process of creating high-quality presentations via
multimedia can be very time-consuming. Also, we have a vast array of information
available on the internet. Unsurprisingly, finding and integrating the content
that fits the context of the presentation requires a lot of effort. And suppose
you are distracted while making a presentation using multimedia? You might end
up surfing unnecessary information and neglect the topic at hand.
6. Dependent on marketing:
Multimedia can be a great tool, but it
does come with some disadvantages. Multimedia is typically expensive because of
the resources required for development. When new multimedia platforms are
released, most people buy into them because of the marketing that’s done. In
cases where the marketing fails, multimedia becomes essentially useless.
7. Resource intensive :
Multimedia is a resource intensive format. As a medium, it takes up space on your computer and can consume a lot of power. This adds to the overall cost for multimedia. It’s also difficult to give multimedia content the proper attention that it deserves when it’s being consumed across multiple devices and platforms.
Web References:
1.
http://www.ehow.com/how_2099990_work-teaching-aids.html.
2.
http://www.ehow.com/video_4950111_audiovisual-aids-teaching.html
3.
http://www.2myprofessor.com/Common/guidelines_for_using_audiovisual.htm
4.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbook.
5.
http://religionmanuals.tpub.com/14229/css/14229_320.htm
6.
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/curriculum-planning/new teacher/48347.html?page=2&detoured=1
7.
http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/120148-Teaching-Aids-Their-Needs-
Types-Importance.aspx
8.
Types of
Teaching Aids | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6100903_typesteaching-aids.html#ixzz1gqfG5oo1
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